Phytochemical Screening, Qualitative Analysis and Isolation of Endophytes from Selected Medicinal Plants

Abstract

The medicinal plant Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera have great nutritional values and are being studied here. Even every part of these plants like leaves, stem bark, roots, seed, pods have its own nutritional value and positive impact on human health. Both of these medicinal plants bears important properties like anti-bacterial, antitumor, anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunity booster.Analysis of bioactive compound of these medicinal plants can provide a helping hand to pharmacy for treatment of such kind of diseases. These medicinal plants possess Phytoconstituents like steroids, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, and flavonoid. Endophytes (both Bacteria and fungi) are also found on these medicinal plants. Phytochemical screening of extract by using standard method like salkowaski test for steroid and that for saponin foam test showed result that of Azadirachta indica (leaves) in both the solution (n- hexane and distil water) showed absence of steroid and saponins. During analysis of extract of Moringa oleifera (leaves) with n- hexane showed absence of steroid and saponins but in the case of distil water there is presence of steroid and saponins. On the other hand the leaves of both plants contain bacterial and fungal endophytes.Leaves of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica contains some bacterial and fungal endophytes. The results with Azadirachta indica leaves showed that the bacterial colonies (on TSA media) appeared at 10-2 and 10-3 and the fungal endophytes (on SCA media) were not appeared at any dilutions. Whereas the results with Moringa oleifera leaves showed that the bacterial colonies (on TSA media) appeared only at 10-2 dilution and the fungal endophytes (on SCA media) appeared at 10-3 and 10-4 dilutions