Silver Nanoparticle-Based Transdermal Patch from Lippia Nodiflora: A Promising Approach for Accelerating Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Abstract

The growing demand for safe and effective wound healing therapies has led to the exploration of nanotechnology-based transdermal systems. In this study, a transdermal patch incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the ethyl acetate extract of Lippia nodiflora was developed using the solvent casting method with HPMC as the polymer base. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids (60 mg QE/g), phenolics (7.5 mg GAE/g), and tannins (50 mg GAE/g), known for their antioxidant and wound-healing properties. The biosynthesized AgNPs (mean size 355.3 nm, zeta potential –28.4 mV) exhibited strong antioxidant activity of 95.69 μg/mL (DPPH) and 97.88 μg/mL (nitric oxide scavenging). Transdermal patches (F1–F5) were uniform in thickness (42–55 μm), folding endurance (100– 150), and drug content (79–90%), with surface pH values close to skin compatibility (5.8–8.1). Among the formulations, F5 showed the highest cumulative drug release (95.82% in 24 h) and followed zero-order kinetics (R² = 0.9976), indicating sustained release through non-Fickian diffusion. These findings highlight the potential of L. nodiflora-mediated AgNP transdermal patches as multifunctional wound dressings offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and controlled-release benefits. Future work should validate efficacy through in vivo and clinical studies.