Halal Formulation of Antimicrobial Cream Containing Melicope ptelefolia Leaves Extract

Abstract

Halal pharmaceuticals refer to drugs that are formulated with acceptable ingredients consistent with Islamic principles and conditions. In the pharmaceutical industry, the standard of halal pharmaceuticals is the crucial document that should be followed to standardize the quality and the safety of the products. Melicope ptelefolia (M. ptelefolia), known as tenggek burung was claimed to have many health benefits, including antioxidant, 150 anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This study aims to formulate halal cream containing M. ptelefolia extract. All the ingredients used were evaluated for their halal and safety status based on four supporting documents: Halal Certificate, Certificate of Analysis (CoA), International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The leaves of M. ptelefolia was extracted using methanol solvent and diluted into four different concentrations, 25% w/v, 50% w/v, 75% w/v, and 100% w/v. The extractwas then tested for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa antimicrobial screening using disk diffusion method. Based on the antimicrobial screening, four types of creams were formulated namely MP0, MP2, MP4 and MP6. It was then evaluated by its color, homogeneity, appearance, phase separation, effect on pH and temperature. The cream formulation was then evaluated for its antimicrobial activities against S. aureus. All the M. ptelefolia extract concentration demonstrates antimicrobial properties against S. Aureus but not P. aeruginosa.M. ptelefolia extract was then incorporated into the cream formulation with different concentration. Based on the evaluation, all the cream formulations are stable at various temperatures. The results showed that MP6 and storage temperature at 25°C has the highest inhibition zone. In conclusion, stable halal formulation of M. ptelefolia as antimicrobial cream was successfully formulated for treatment against S. aureus.