Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy

In silico evaluation of flavanones as anti-psoriatic agents targeting inflammatory pathways: Molecular docking studies and ADMET profiling

2026-06-09T00:02:22+00:00

Background: Flavanones, a subclass of polyphenolic secondary metabolites, exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties relevant to psoriasis therapy. Structure-based drug design through molecular docking enables prediction of ligand–protein interactions by estimating binding affinities and characterizing key non-covalent interactions, thus facilitating the identification of flavanone scaffolds with prospective antipsoriatic potential. Method: AutoDock Vina was used to dock flavanone ligands against psoriasis-related protein targets, predicting binding affinities and interaction profiles relative to standard inhibitors. In silico pharmacokinetic and ADMET properties were assessed using pkCSM and SwissADME to evaluate drug-likeness and optimize lead selection. Results: Narirutin and Hesperidin exhibited strong binding affinity towards the psoriasis targets, while Hesperidin, Neoeriocitrin, Narirutin, Neohesperidin, and Poncirin showed Lipinski’s violation and lower ADMET profiles. Hierarchical cluster dendrogram and similarity network give a detailed data set analysis. Conclusion: Highthroughput screening enables rapid, costeffective drug discovery. Flavanones demonstrated superior in silico anti-psoriatic activity compared to standard drugs, though low solubility limits bioavailability. Nanoformulations could enhance target-site delivery, and further clinical studies are needed to develop these plant-derived compounds into effective therapeutics.

Burden and System-wise Distribution of Multisystem Post- Stroke Complications in an Ambispective Cohort

2026-06-09T00:07:14+00:00

Background: Post-stroke complications are common and contribute to delayed recovery and long-term disability. However, the cumulative burden of multisystem complications and their relationship with functional outcomes remain insufficiently characterized. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, system-wise distribution, and functional impact of multisystem post-stroke complications in an ambispective cohort. Methods: An ambispective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center, integrating six years of retrospective data with six months of prospective follow-up. A total of 350 stroke patients were included. Complications (n = 1,676) were classified across twelve organ systems. Functional outcomes were assessed using changes in the Barthel Index (BI). Multivariable regression, correlation, and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: CNSrelated complications were most frequent (40.0%), followed by pain-related (14.9%) and gastrointestinal (11.6%) complications. Mean BI scores improved significantly (67.5 to 73.5; p < 0.001), with 82.9% of patients showing functional improvement. Multivariable analysis did not identify independent predictors of recovery, and no correlation was observed between complication burden and BI change. Subgroup analyses showed consistent improvement across patient categories. Conclusion: Multisystem complications are highly prevalent after stroke but were not independently associated with functional recovery. Recovery appears to be influenced by multifactorial determinants, highlighting the importance of sustained multidisciplinary management.

Quality by Design Approach in the Development of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Technique for Levodopa and Benserazide

2026-06-09T00:12:53+00:00

The study demonstrates development & validation of stability-indicating RP-HPLC technique for simultaneous estimation of Levodopa & Benserazide within a Quality by Design (QbD) framework. Critical method parameters (CMPs) - composition of movable phase, rate of flow, & temperature of column were systematically optimized to achieve predefined critical quality attributes (CQAs), including resolution, tailing factor, and theoretical plates. Separation of compounds in chromatography was done on HPLC system of Waters Alliance make equipped with quaternary gradient pump & detection achieved with UV at 228 nm, with C18 column. The optimized mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile & 0.1% triethylamine buffer (pH 2.5, attuned with orthophosphoric acid) in 46.5:53.5 v/v ratio, delivered at rate of flow at 1.0 mL/min. Retention times for Levodopa & Benserazide were 3.422 & 5.330 minutes, correspondingly. Stress studies under various conditions established, method’s stability-indicating capability. Validation performed in accordance with guidelines of ICH Q2(R1) demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.999), accuracy (98-102%), precision (RSD < 2%), robustness, & sensitivity. The integration of QbD principles enhanced method robustness, defined a regulatory - compliant design space, and ensured lifecycle reliability. Developed RP-HPLC technique is therefore reliable & versatile tool for routine quality control of Levodopa & Benserazide in formulations.

QbD Guided Central Composite Design Optimized RP-HPLC Method for Teneligliptin Assay in Dosage Forms

2026-06-09T00:18:10+00:00

In this study, we present a robust and reliable RP-HPLC method designed to accurately assess the content of teneligliptin in marketed formulations. The process of method development included refining chromatographic conditions to effectively quantify Teneligliptin within formulations. The column used for optimal separation had a C18 composition and dimensions of (250 mm, 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile and 1-Octane sulfonic acid sodium salt buffer in a ratio of 62.5:37.5 v/v. at 0.90 mL/min. Detection occurred at 244 nm, with teneligliptin showing a retention time of 5.056 minutes. Validation investigations affirmed the method's appropriateness for quantification, showcasing exceptional linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity. In summary, this RP-HPLC methodology presents a valuable resource for the routine assessment of teneligliptin formulations, guaranteeing the maintenance of product quality and integrity.

Prediction of Preformulation Using AI and Machine Learing Approches

2026-06-09T00:23:04+00:00

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into preformulation studies is transforming the way pharmaceutical research is carried out. This process speeds up the transition from drug discovery to formulation. Preformulation is the first step in drug development. It involves a thorough examination of physicochemical characteristics. This review highlights the first-in-class applications of AI and ML in addressing key challenges, such as predicting solubility, determining pKa values, assessing partition coefficients, testing polymorphism, ensuring stability, and checking drug-excipient compatibility. Neural networks, support vector machines, and gradient boosting models are examples of advanced algorithms that improve the accuracy of predictive models. These tools help accelerate formulation design and lower risks. As much as there are challenges involving data limitations and regulatory regulations, the future of AI and ML in the pharmaceutics industry is significant, promoting innovation, minimizing costs, and maximizing therapeutic potency. This summary intends to give a summary overview of the approaches, achievements, and novel trends in AI/ML applications for pharmaceutical formulation designing.

Troponin T and Emergency Echocardiography: A Combined Approach for Early Diagnosis of Cardiac Emergencies

2026-06-09T00:27:44+00:00

The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading cause of death and the consequences of a delayed diagnosis are frequently worse the patient conditions. This observational study identified how early detection and risk stratification in cardiac emergencies can be enhanced by diagnosing with combined cardiac Troponin T (TnT) testing with two-dimensional echocardiography (2D Echo). 300 patients with acute cardiac symptoms were assessed over the course of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital in Guntur, India. Within 3 hours of admission, all received standard emergency care along with TnT testing and 2D Echo. TnT and 2D Echo each demonstrated a greater diagnostic accuracy (82.0% and 81.3%), but when combined together, the result achieved 92.7%, lowering false positives and negatives greatly. While patients with both tests negative had excellent prognoses, those with both tests positive had the worst clinical outcomes compared to only one test, including longer hospital stays, more ICU admissions, more revascularizations, and higher mortality. The complementary nature of these modalities was further supported by the strong correlation found between elevated TnT levels and regional wall motion abnormalities on Echo. With more intensive therapy in high-risk patients identified by combined diagnostics, treatment patterns mirrored guidelines-based care. Only a small percentage of adverse drug reactions required treatment withdrawal, and most were controllable. According to our study, combining TnT and 2D Echo in emergency facilitates faster, more precise diagnosis for cardiovascular emergencies, aids in improved triage choices, and directs customized treatment, all of which improve quality of life of patients. Global emergency management of CVDs could be improved by the widespread use of this dualmodality approach.

Assessment of Pain Relief and Mobility Improvement: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Commiphora myrrha and Etoricoxib in Osteoarthritis Patients

2026-06-09T00:31:38+00:00

Osteoarthritis pain refers to the discomfort and aching experienced in the joints, often accompanied by stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. NSAIDs are the most commonly prescribed medicines for the management of arthritisinduced pain. Prolonged NSAID use can lead to several health issues, such as gastric ulcers, hypertension, and cardiovascular risks, and also significantly impact their quality of life. So, patients on chronic NSAID therapy require careful monitoring and alternative treatment options. The purpose of the present study was to compare the safety and efficacy of Commiphora myrrha versus Etoricoxib in patients with osteoarthritis pain. In this, a 30-day randomised, parallel-group trial was conducted among 102 osteoarthritis patients aged between 40 and 75 who were treated with either Commiphora myrrha (100 mg, twice daily) or Etoricoxib (90 mg, once daily). Outcomes were assessed using WOMAC scores (pain, stiffness, function), VAS pain scale, PGA for pain, and 6MWT to evaluate mobility. Adverse medication events were recorded for assessing the safety of both. When compared to the Etoricoxib group, the Commiphora myrrha was safer and exhibited a long-term improvement in mobility and pain reduction than Etoricoxib. In conclusion, Commiphora myrrha showed as an effective alternative to Etoricoxib for managing osteoarthritis pain and improving functional mobility.

Pharmacovigilance in Community Pharmacy: Evaluating Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding ADRs in Hyderabad

2026-06-09T00:36:44+00:00

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) result in additional illnesses, deaths, and healthcare costs, not to mention the greater public health implications of ADRs. As drug experts, chemists can spearhead the prevention, recognition, and reporting of adverse reactions. As the only healthcare professionals who interact with patients and receive prescriptions, community chemists are best positioned to mitigate the odds of ADRs occurring, though the KAP of chemists certainly pharmacovigilance and reporting ADRs is critical to success in this area. The aim of this research is to evaluate the ADRrelated knowledge of community chemists in Hyderabad. A total of 400 chemists from different areas in Hyderabad took part in this cross-sectional survey. A standardized questionnaire that covered demographic and educational information and knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning ADRs was used to collect data, which was then analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that while participants demonstrated ADR and pharmacovigilance knowledge, the engagement in ADR reporting was not integrated into their professional practice. Advanced educational and ADR training disproportionally increased pharmacists' adherence to ADR reporting. Additionally, these findings indicate the need for ongoing education, improvement of regulations, and consolidated efforts in training aimed at encouraging community pharmacists’ participation in community pharmacovigilance. This study's findings will aid regulatory bodies and policymakers in encouraging community pharmacists’ participation in ADR reporting aimed at improving ADR surveillance and safeguarding patients’ safety.

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb: Synthesis, Characterization and Bioapplications

2026-06-09T00:41:33+00:00

Silver nanoparticles have diverse applications, particularly in health and medicine, emphasizing the need for costeffective, eco-friendly, and scalable production methods. Green synthesis forms nanoparticlesof silver throughbioreduction of silver ions, provides a sustainable alternative that eliminates the requirement for external reducing agents. This study highlights the efficiency of AgNPs synthesized by leaf aqueous extract of Alternanthera philoxeroides. The biosynthesized nano-sized particles were characterized using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Morphological analysis via Electron Scanning Microscopy and Electron Transmission Microscopy revealed spherically shaped nanoparticles (AP-AgNPs) ofvarious sizes from 13-43 nm. The antimicrobial properties of APAE and APAgNPs were assessed using diffusion assay against microbial strains including S. aureus MTCC 11949, B. subtilis MTCC 10010, E. coli MTCC 9721, P. aeruginosa MTCC 9800, and A.niger MCIN 512, where AP-AgNPs exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of APAgNPs were assessed in contrast to MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines, yielding IC₅₀ values of 7.33 μg/mL and 13.15 μg/mL, respectively, compared to the positive control cisplatin (IC₅₀: 3.17 μg/mL & 6.24 μg/mL). These observations suggest that the synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibitprominent antimicrobial and anticancer properties, making them valuable for future applications in biomedical research, drug delivery systems and healthcare.

Nanosponge Formulation for the Encapsulation of Molnupiravir: Evaluation of Sustainable Oral Capsule Delivery

2026-06-09T00:53:35+00:00

The current study was aim to formulate Molnupiravir nanosponges (MLVNSPs) for a capsule system for controlled drug delivery. MLV-NSPwas fabricated using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique, employing β-cyclodextrin andethyl cellulose aspolymers.Dichloromethane was utilized as a cross-linking agent, and these NSPswere encapsulated within hard gelatine (formaldehyde-treated) capsules. The prepared NSPs were evaluated for physicochemical and morphological characteristics. Out of six NSPs formulations, the optimized NSPs were formulated into a capsule delivery system and further evaluated for drug release pattern.The FTIR demonstrated that there was no potential incompatibility existed among drug and other components. The % ofyield, encapsulation efficiency values are found to be 76.41 to 85.22 % and 69.87 to 77.48 %, respectively for F1-F6 formulations, F5 shows the highest entrapment efficiency of 77.48% with 3-fold enhanced solubilization incomparison with the unprocessed drug. The SEM images of the optimized formulation indicated that the NSPs had a spherical shape, featured a porous surface, and possessed a uniform and spongy texture. The optimised MLV-NSPs (F5) showed a narrow particle size distribution (PDI 0.201 ± 0.04) and a surface charge potential of –38.6 ± 2.1 mV, suggesting uniformity, colloidal integrity, and reproducibility. To enhance mucosal adhesion, prolong residence time, and to avoid dose-dependent side effects, F5 was loaded in treated capsule shells to extend the drug release up to 12 h. A total 8 formulations (S1-S8) were developed for the capsule delivery system. S2 showed 96.15% of medicament released by the 12th h. The dissolution profile of MLV from the optimised capsules (S2) followed a zero-order kinetic model (R² = 0.9945), exhibiting non-Fickian diffusion (n = 0.678), suggesting a sustained release that is controlled by both diffusion and polymer degradation.

Optimizing Rheological Behavior of Pectin Gels: A Response Surface Methodology Approach

2026-06-09T00:57:37+00:00

Pectin, a natural polysaccharide widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, forms gels in the presence of sugar and divalent ions such as calcium. Its rheological behavior is strongly influenced by extrinsic factors including pH, calcium chloride, and sugar concentration. This study aimed to optimize the viscosity of pectin gels prepared in aqueous medium, targeting applications in edible films and biodegradable packaging. Gel formulations were prepared with varying calcium chloride concentrations (5-15% w/v), pH levels (4.5-8.0), and sugar concentrations (5-20% w/v). Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield viscometer and analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that pH had the strongest effect, with viscosity increasing from 1734.2 cP at pH 4.5 to a maximum of 2681.2 cP at pH 8.0, reflecting enhanced ionization and cross-linking. Calcium chloride exhibited an optimum at 10% w/v (1097.6 cP), while sugar enhanced viscosity up to 15 g (2747.2 cP) but declined at higher levels due to excessive dehydration. ANOVA confirmed the model’s significance (p < 0.001), with strong quadratic effects but negligible interactions among factors. Optimal viscosity was obtained under near-neutral pH, 10% w/v calcium chloride, and 15% w/v sugar, highlighting the potential of pectin gels as sustainable biomaterials for food and pharmaceutical applications.

ICH-Compliant Development and Validation of RP-HPLC and UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for Quantitative Estimation of Tapentadol in Bulk and Biological Matrices

2026-06-09T01:02:08+00:00

Background: Two novel methods, one an RP-HPLC technique and the other a chromogenic bioanalytical UV-Visible spectrophotometric method were developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Tapentadol in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations, and human plasma. The bioanalytical method utilized a chromogenic reaction with Gibbs reagent to form a colored complex. Protein precipitation with methanol was used for the plasma extraction process for chromogenic bioanalytical method. Materials and methods: For Chromogenic Bioanalytical method plasma samples were prepared using protein precipitation with methanol. The reaction produced a blue complex measurable at 653 nm, while RPHPLC detection was performed at 270 nm. The RP-HPLC method was validated over a concentration range of 15–105 μg/mL. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid (pH 6.8) in water and methanol (80:20, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min at temperature of 25ºC. These methods were rigorously validated to ensure accuracy, precision, and reliability. Results: For HPLC the retention time was recorded at 2.478min, precision was below 2% and the accuracy for HPLC was 99.97%. LLOQ and ULQC samples of bioanalytical method was found to be 20 and 240 μg/mL. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was consistently below 10%, with in acceptable limits and robustness of the method was within limits. Conclusion: Chromogenic bioanalytical method provides high sensitivity by using Gibbs reagent for quantifying Tapentadol in human plasma. Bioanalytical method offer reliable quantification of TPD in biological matrices. HPLC method demonstrates adequate validation for every parameter, including peak purity assessment as well, ruggedness as well robustness, the range, its specificity along with accuracy, linearity and precision in compliance with ICH criteria. The study's findings demonstrated that this method was suitable for routinely quality control determining tapentadol levels in prescribed dosage forms and bulk.

A Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Approach for Assessing Glimepiride Content in Formulations

2026-06-09T01:06:50+00:00

This investigation reports the advancement of a robust and reliable RPHPLC technique for the accurate quantification of glimepiride in dose form with particular emphasis on stability assessment. The technique was designed to achieve effective chromatographic separation of glimepiride from its degradants, which are commonly formed during storage. Efficient separation was attained using a C18 column with dimensions of 25 cm ,4.6 mm, 5 μm) and a movable phase comprising of acetonitrile and monobasic sodium dihydrogen phosphate of strength 20 mM buffer at pH 5 in a 60:40 ratio, pumped at a 1.0 mL/min. Identification was done at 228 nm, yielding a elution time for glimepiride of 7.214 minutes. Forced degradation studies demonstrated that glimepiride was susceptible to neutral, acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic, thermal and oxidative condition, whereas it remained stable under photolytic conditions. Method validation, conducted in accordance with regulatory guidelines, confirmed the validity of the method for routine quantification. Furthermore, the forced degradation results verified the method’s degradation monitoring capability, allowing reliable estimation of glimepiride content even in the influence of degradants. In conclusion, the developed RP-HPLC technique provides a reliable analytical tool for quality assessment and stability monitoring of glimepiride drug product, thereby supporting the assurance of product quality and therapeutic integrity.

A Systems Pharmacology Study on Lanifibranor for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2026-06-09T01:11:23+00:00

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and progressive metabolic liver disorder with limited pharmacological treatment options. Lanifibranor, a pan-peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (pan-PPAR) agonist, has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in clinical studies, yet its comprehensive mechanism of action remains unclear. This study employed a systems pharmacology approach integrating network pharmacology, protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, functional enrichment, and molecular docking to elucidate the multi-target actions of Lanifibranor in NAFLD. A total of 102 Lanifibranor-associated protein targets and 1,526 NAFLD-related genes were retrieved from public databases, with 37 overlapping targets identified. Network analysis revealed hub genes including PTGS2, MMP9, ESR1, and BCL2 as central regulators in the disease network. Gene Ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated involvement in oxidative stress responses, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrotic signalling pathways showing the involvement of PPAR and AGE– RAGE pathways. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities of Lanifibranor to key targets, particularly PTGS2 (–8.2 kcal/mol) and BCL2 (–8.1 kcal/mol), suggesting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential. These findings offer mechanistic insight into Lanifibranor’s pleiotropic actions and support its development as a multitargeted therapeutic agent for NAFLD management.

Nanosponge Formulation for the Encapsulation of Molnupiravir: Evaluation of Sustainable Oral Capsule Delivery

2026-06-09T01:15:46+00:00

Colorectal cancer (CRC) care involves complex regimens and polypharmacy, creating substantial risks for drug-related problems (DRPs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective review of consecutive adults with CRC who received systemic anticancer therapy at a tertiary center from 01 December 2024 to 31 July 2025 (N=240; adjuvant n=108; metastatic n=132; median age 59 years; 61% male). Drug utilisation was evaluated against NCCN guidance; relative dose intensity (RDI) and on-time delivery were calculated, supportive care appropriateness (antiemetics, primary GCSF) was assessed, DRPs were coded using PCNE v9.1, and ADRs were graded by CTCAE v5.0 with Naranjo, Hartwig, and Schumock–Thornton assessments. Guideline-concordant regimen choice was high (adjuvant 92%; metastatic 82%). Median RDI was 90% (IQR 82–97) in adjuvant therapy and 86% (78–95) in metastatic therapy; proportions achieving RDI ≥85% were 68% and 60%, respectively. On-time cycle delivery occurred in 74% (adjuvant) and 69% (metastatic). Antiemetic prophylaxis was appropriate in 91% and 88%; primary G-CSF use when indicated was 80% and 77%. DRPs averaged ~2 per patient, led by monitoring/documentation/duplication issues (29%), effectiveness problems (28%; dose calculation/organ-function adjustment), and clinically relevant drug–drug interactions (24%). Any-grade ADRs occurred in 77.9% and grade ≥3 in 22.1%; notable events included nausea/vomiting grade ≥2 (32.1%), mucositis ≥2 (15.8%), neuropathy ≥2 (27.9%), diarrhea ≥3 (9.2%), hand–foot syndrome ≥2 (14.2%), neutropenia ≥3 (17.9%), thrombocytopenia ≥3 (7.1%), and anemia ≥3 (7.9%). Preventable ADRs comprised 29.9%. These findings support targeted pharmacistled interventions to strengthen monitoring, optimize dosing, mitigate interactions, and sustain RDI to improve safety and effectiveness in CRC treatment.

Optimization and Validation of Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Teneligliptin and Pioglitazone using Response Surface Methodology

2026-06-09T01:21:31+00:00

The research work discloses establishment & thorough validation of method for stability-assessing RP-HPLC system designed for concurrent assessment of Teneligliptin & Pioglitazone in both bulk drug and tablet formulations. Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize key chromatographic variables, including acetonitrile concentration in mobile phase (ranging from 70% to 80%), rate of flow (0.9 to 1.1mL/minute), & temperature of column (30°C to 40°C), in order to meet predefined critical quality attributes (CQAs) as peak retention time, resolution, & tailing factor. HPLC system of Waters Alliance make, operating with UV detector set to 229nm, was employed for separation process. Optimized composition of mobile phase was combination of 71.9:29.1 (v/v) acetonitrile & HSA buffer, with buffer pH attuned to 2.5 with orthophosphoric acid. Established retention times for Teneligliptin & Pioglitazone were 5.615 and 2.258 minutes, correspondingly. Stress testing confirmed that technique effectively separated APIs from their degradation products, validating its stabilityindicating nature. Method validation, conducted in harmony with ICH guidelines, confirmed strong linearity, high precision, accuracy, and robustness. Recovery values were within 98-102% range, with no observable interference from excipients or degradation products. Furthermore, low LOD and LOQ demonstrated method’s suitability for sensitive & routine pharmaceutical analysis. In summary, RP-HPLC method developed and optimized through RSM offers robust, cost-effective, and reproducible analytical approach, well-suited for quality control & routine assessment of Teneligliptin & Pioglitazone in commercial pharmaceutical preparations.