Metabolism of complex carbohydrates by probiotics in human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is generally accepted to significantly improve the health and resistance to diseases for the host. Presence of sufficient amounts of carbohydrates that selectively can stimulate the growth and viability of these beneficial bacteria is imperative. Some probiotic species of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have the ability to utilize xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and produce short chain fatty acids which is having beneficial effect on health. Current article reviews the results of several studies available on degradation and utilization of XOS by beneficial gut microbiota and discusses their future prospective as emergent prebiotic in synbiotic preparations with reference to biological effects observed on human and animal health.